Innovative microrobotic components and systems for biomedical applications are investigated, able to perform therapeutic and diagnostic procedures with minimal invasiveness in remote locations of the human body. Addressed districts include the cardiovascular and the central nervous systems; main envisaged tasks/functions include targeted therapy, material removal and controllable structures. In this context, advanced strategies are considered regarding microrobot powering/actuation, locomotion and localization. Moreover, innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches involving the development of novel functionalized drug carriers are also studied.